Decisions

Any time you write a formal paper, such as a thesis or dissertation, it’s important that you properly cite any sources that you use. Any time you use an idea that was introduced in another place — whether it’s a book, a Web site, or another scholarly paper — you must give credit to the original author, by citing the source. If you use a quotation from another source, you also must list the source in your paper. It’s important to list the sources you use so whoever reads your paper can find more information, should they need it. A comprehensive source list also shows your instructor and other readers that you’ve performed the necessary research to develop the position you’ve taken in the paper.

Citing sources in Chicago (Turabian) Style requires two processes. One citation is required at the position in the main text where the cited material appears, where you have three options: 1) In-text citations, 2) footnotes, or 3) endnotes. The other citation occurs at the end of the paper, in a list of all cited works, called a reference list or a bibliography. If you use endnotes, the bibliography is not required, although most formal pages include one.

In this article, we’ll focus on in-text citations, which Chicago (Turabian) Style sometimes calls parenthetical references, within the main text of the paper. Other articles in this series will handle the other types of references.

I) AUTHOR-DATE

You can use a couple of different types of parenthetical references within the text, depending on the structure of the sentence, as shown in these examples.

AUTHOR-DATE (EXAMPLE A).

Include the name of the author within the sentence, followed by the year of publication inside parentheses.

*The Jones study (2003) indicates that technological advancements spur economic growth.

AUTHOR-DATE (EXAMPLE B).

You can place the name of the authors inside the parentheses with the year of publication, depending on your sentence structure. Use no punctuation within the parentheses.

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth (Jones 2003).

AUTHOR-DATE (EXAMPLE C).

If you don’t have a date of publication, use “n.d.” in place of the date.

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth (Jones n.d.).

AUTHOR-DATE (EXAMPLE D).

With multiple authors, use commas and the word “and” inside the parentheses. If the cited work has more than three authors, use “et al.” after the primary author.

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth (Jones, Johnson, and Smith 2003).

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth (Jones et al. 2003).

AUTHOR-DATE (EXAMPLE E).

If you have multiple sources from the same author or sources from multiple authors with the same last name, you’ll have to list part of the title of the work or the organization of the author along with the author. You also can add “a” and “b” to the year of publication, should you have two sources from the same author published in the same year.

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth (Jones Economic Growth Study, 2003).

*Other economic studies show that investing in technological research will benefit the economy, too (Jones Technology and the Economy, 2003).

AUTHOR-DATE (EXAMPLE F).

If you need to cite a source with no author, list a shortened version of the title or the organization that created the source. Use the same formatting as with the author.

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth (State University 2003).

II. FOOTNOTES OR ENDNOTES

If you decide to use footnotes or endnotes instead of the author-date style, you’ll need to use numbers within the main text to link the material you want to source with the footnote or endnote. Use an Arabic number with each source, either in superscript, in parentheses, or in brackets. Use the Arabic numbers in sequential order.

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth. [1]

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth. (1)

*Some economic studies indicate that technological advancements spur economic growth.1 (* this number is superscript)

List each footnote at the bottom of the page where the source is cited. Separate the main text from the footnote(s) with a vertical line, called a separator. Endnotes go at the end of all of the pages of the main text. Indent each footnote or endnote and use single-spacing, with a blank space between each footnote or endnote. After listing the source once in an endnote or footnote, you can use an abbreviated version of the author’s name and title of the work upon subsequent listings. Use a superscript number or a number with a period to introduce the footnote.

*1. Jones, Xavier. …
*1 Jones, Xavier. … (* this number is superscript)

About the Author:
Brian Scott is a professional freelance writer with over a decade of experience. He recommends using an Chicago Style writing software to correctly write and format papers in Chicago Style, available at http://www.masterfreelancer.com/download-chicago-style-formatting-software.php

Keyword tags: chicago style turabian apa style mla style

Basic Maternity Leave

The UK is often thought of as good on parental rights, maternity leave rights and pregnancy leave in general. It is true that compared to many other countries around the world, Britain is fairly advanced. However, it lags behind other countries (mostly Scandinavia) in some aspects. The question is should we change?

Mothers

There are lots of different sides to the argument; should fathers have greater rights in terms of Paternity leave? Pregnancy in heterosexual couples is as much a joint matter as it is in homosexual couples or single parent families, but includes a slightly different problem. One of the huge questions involved is “Who will stay home with the kid(s)?” No matter your personal views on maternity leave rights and different families, sexes and situations, there are some clear differences in maternity law, right or wrong.

In the UK, under current maternity law, mothers get a year’s leave. They are allowed six weeks maternity leave at 90% of pay, 33 weeks at a fixed rate and the remainder unpaid. While a vast amount of legal documentation is necessary to ensure pregnancy leave, the amount is legally prescribed and enshrined in law. There are other allowances and benefits to allow for problems with informing employers in a timely manner, how long you have worked for the employer and more. But on the whole, as long as you follow maternity laws to the letter, you will get the Maternity leave owed.

Fathers

Fathers are also allowed pregnancy leave, sometimes unknown to the fathers involved. Pregnancy leave for fathers is set in the UK at two weeks. This is at the same fixed rate as mothers – £117.18 a week currently, or 90% of your average weekly earnings if less than this. Similar amounts of legal documentation are necessary to apply for both types of leave, but, again, both are guaranteed under UK parental regulations. However, it is one of the main differences in the benefits that affect new and repeat parents the most.

Mothers are entitled to much more unpaid leave than fathers under UK maternity law. This is the time that the parent is entitled to as leave while the employer must keep them in employment. This means that if they take more leave (not holiday or for other reasons) fathers are effectively AWOL, and can be fired. However, there are fairly obvious reasons for this difference in length of maternity/paternity leave. Maternity leave is an absolute necessity for the physical and mental health and wellbeing of both mother and baby, but arguably not for fathers.

There are arguments on both sides of the divide in terms of more or less paid and unpaid leave for fathers. Despite your views either way, what is clear is that it often makes much greater sense for a mother to stay at home while the father continues to work, purely from an economic point of view. The question of whether fathers can have the same rights of mothers is therefore slightly mute. They can physically choose to be the parent who cares for the child, but pregnancy leave is often better overall when it is taken as maternity leave rather than paternity leave for reasons of income and job security.

About the Author:
Iain Mackintosh is the managing director of Simply-Docs (http://www.simply-docs.co.uk/CustomPage.aspx?customPageID=28). The firm provides over 1100 legal documents and templates covering all aspects of business from maternity leave to health and safety regulations.

Keyword tags: Maternity leave, maternity leave rights, pregnancy leave, maternity law

If you are having a problem in English writing because of your grammar, then worry no more because Correct Grammar Software is the solution. English is so complex in fact if English is your first tongue; it is not guarantee that you can write good English. English writing is considered complex because you need to consider so many things. One major frustration in English writing is proofreading. It takes a lot of time, effort, and money for you to be an expert proofreader.

Correct Grammar software and the like, can easily improve your writing skills. The software automatically corrects your common grammar errors, thus making your text clearer and comprehensible. It is nice to note that if you want to improve your English writing skills you should require yourself extensive practice and discipline. With the invention of this sophisticated language processing solutions, it enables you to improve easily your English writing overall performance. If you to know more about this amazing new technology in English writing, you need to read on.

NLP Brief overview:

Natural Language Processing system or NLP, is the system use on Correct Grammar Software. With this new technology, you will instantly notice that the software will automatically check for various text blocks and whole documents for common grammatical errors. It will make your English writing easier because you can now easily correct, transform or edit your text to make it more readable, interesting and professional. Grammar processing tools rely on the ever-growing database and advance algorithms. The software works in different ways: first, it analyzes your text, and then it compares your text to its database and finally corrects your writing. This unique technology offers text editing and proofreading, punctuation analysis, automatic spell checking, and common grammar checking.

Now you know how important this new technology in English writing is, do you think it can offer you more benefits? Natural Language Processing technology brings several clear benefits:

o Boosts your self-esteem in relation to your writing.
o You can easily avoid common writing mistakes.
o You will learn the easy way in proofreading.
o Help you to avoid embarrassment in relation to grammar errors in writing.
o Helps you be like a professional proofreader.

Learning the correct way of English writing does not need to be expensive nor it will hinder you to do your daily tasks.

Learning grammar is not as easy as one, two three. While some are good at it, others are simply the opposite. It is such a dilemma to be poor at grammar because writing is simply unavoidable, whether at school or at work. In order to send the right message, right grammar is obviously needed. These are the reasons for the existence of the online grammar checker. Unlike the old days where you have limited means of checking your grammar, today you have a quite number of ways to do it.

You should still be in control of your time and not catching up with it. With this technology it will not only save you time and money, but you can also learn English writing in the comforts of your own home.

About the Author:
Watch how innovative Correct Grammar Software instantly can improve your writings on a daily basis and learn how advanced NLP technology can help you to write better English than your English teacher. Visit: http://wwww.englishsoftware.org

Keyword tags: Correct Grammar Software, Correct Grammar, Grammar Software

One of the hardest things in writing English is the use of punctuation. Are you one of those who sometimes are doubtful on what punctuation marks you are going to use? If so, then this article is for you. The Grammar Punctuation Software is the best solution to your problem.

Grammar Punctuation Software is the solution to any problem on basic editing and proofreading. The software enhances these functionalities (proofreading & Editing) of conventional word processors. You should always remember that English writing is a skill that can be improve through practice. If you will always use the software, it is as if you have a virtual teacher in the comforts of your home. If you desire to improve your writing skill level, read further.

According to the developers of grammar punctuation software, this technology is designed to ensure that your English writing matches the basic grammar and punctuation rules. The software automatically identifies and corrects your writing errors and will enable you to further edit your text or document. It is true that language analyzing technology is complex, but in recent years it made a significant progress as databases got bigger and algorithms got smarter. This state-of-the-art writing technology offers the following benefits: grammar check, punctuation and spelling check.

Natural Language Processing technology (NLP) can surely transform English writing easier.

Advantages in using this kind of technology:

* Analyzes sentence structure for correct punctuation and making your writing more comprehensible.
* Automatically corrects sentence construction problems that is miss looked during manual proofreading.
* It will refine your writing style.
* It will amplify your vocabulary.
* Improve your status quo once people will notice that you are a well educated person.

This amazing technology constantly progress through time, and through this (progress of time), newer version and features will be added, thus making it more useful to you and everyone that uses this software. By doing extra research on this solution, it would bring up additional benefits that are not covered in this article.

If you want to be like the experts, having a clear, clean, and professional English writing, use grammar punctuation software. The fact that English writing is very important nowadays, expect further development with this technology.

What can you benefit from using a punctuation checker? It can help you in many ways. It checks for errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar and it also suggests alternative words to make your writing better. Definitely there is no need for you to look for alternative words such as synonyms every once in a while in your dictionary. Doing online grammar check saves a lot more of your time too, it saves you from the extra time of manual proofreading and editing. Overall, it simplifies your writing tasks and gives you more time to do other things you need to do.

If you desire to improve your English writing skills, then do not take chances, avail of this new technology and take advantage of the things you will get out of it.

About the Author:
Watch how innovative English Punctuation Checker instantly can improve your writings on a daily basis and learn how advanced NLP technology can help you to write better English than your English teacher. Visit: http://wwww.englishsoftware.org

Keyword tags: English Punctuation, Punctuation Software, Punctuation Checker, Punctuation Check

According to the AA’s British Insurance Premium Index, the average car insurance policy has risen from £594 – £629 over the last year. The reasons for this are that cars are safer now and therefore more people survive accidents even though they may sustain terrible injuries, and, it is ten times more likely that a 17 – 21 year old male driver will have a crash than a 30 year old and as a result will then find it very difficult to get any cover at all.

The Consumer Prices Index says that this is an increase of £70 in a year or 5.9%, much higher than inflation at 2.1%. Even moderate risk policy holders are seeing premiums rise by several hundred pounds when they are already paying from £1,000 to up to £2,200 a year. The word is that premiums will continue to rise up to 15% and this is blamed on the compensation culture.

Claims for injury are rising by 10% a year due mainly to claims taking far too long to be settled and the feeling is that they should take no longer than 6 months. Malcolm Tarling from the Association of British Insurers says, ‘Too often lawyers are involved when there is no need. We are pushing the Government to introduce a more streamlined procedure for dealing with the smaller, simpler personal injury claims of under £25,000. We want a radical shake up.’ The cost of car repairs is also pushing premiums up by a further 5% because cars are more technical nowadays and parts are more expensive.

However, there is some relief in knowing that due to the fierce competition for customers that insurers are not passing all the increasing costs onto the motorist, otherwise the increase would be closer to 50%.

Insurers pay another 43p on top of every £1 paid in compensation in legal costs – this equates to 10% of every premium and is ‘excessive’, says the ABI. This means that of the £8.4 billion total gross premium income that £840 million is swallowed by legal costs.

Insurance director at the AA British Insurance Premium Index, John Close acknowledged that since 1994 premiums have doubled, ‘The main factor is personal injury claims,’ and, he added, safer cars are more costly to mend.

‘The main factor is personal injury claims,’ he said, adding that greater safety features, such as bigger crumple zones and more air bags meant cars cost more to fix. ‘The irony of this is that you are much less likely to be killed in an accident – and therefore more likely to make a personal injury claim.’

Here some shocking truths about motor insurance today:-

A female 17 year old could pay up to £2,359 to drive a Ford Fiesta if she can find an insurer and the cheapest quote was £1,000 plus

The AA says that approximately 50% of insurers don’t quote for drivers under 21 and less than 25% will quote for 17 year olds.

Premiums won’t necessarily drop as you get older even with no-claims bonus.

Increasing premiums will make no-claims worthless and those with a full bonus can expect around a 64% discount on the full cost of their premium.

About the Author:
On-Track-Insurance provide great deals on ( http://www.on-track-insurance.co.uk ) car insurance for its clients in the uk. Please visit our site for helpful information to aid you in making the right decision, first time. Visit Our sister site Brokers Online at ( http://www.life-assurance-bureau.co.

Keyword tags: Car,insurance,cover,policy

So you want to be a writer? And you want to be paid for your work. This means writing a best selling novel, maybe a screen play, perhaps a series for prime time television. Isn’t that how you make your living as a writer? The answer to those questions is definitely ‘NO’. There are many other ways to make very good money from your writing skills which take far less time than any of those genres mentioned earlier and which can also be very much more profitable. We’re talking today og a writing genre commonly called ‘filler writing’.

Fillers are short manuscripts that can be written in minutes and churned out in very high volume and they are sometimes referred to as ‘paragraphs’.

Though we shall refer here to most short written pieces as fillers, it should be mentioned that the term has several different meanings. Sometimes it includes readers’ letters, sometimes not, and many publications keep their filler sections separate from that featuring paid letters from readers. Among the many categories of writing traditionally termed ‘fillers’ one finds anecdotes, recipes, poems, odd things children say, press errors, and many more.

It really doesn’t matter what you call it, the fact remains that concentrating on these shorter pieces can be extremely profitable, and markets are plentiful.

I’m sure the person does not exist who can not grow a useful first or second income from writing fillers and readers’ letters. And there’s also no shortage of Internet and offline publications desperate to add new and talented filler writers to their books.

Of course you’re probably wondering why publications require fillers and what makes them keen to attract more talented writers to their filler writing team.

The reasons are numerous and include:

* To fill space where a feature falls short of the published page (the traditional meaning of the term ‘filler’).

* To lighten otherwise dull text and to add interest to the pages of sometimes staid publications, for instance medical journals and import/export bulletins.

* Some short pieces, notably crossword puzzles and brain teasers, arguably lead the purchaser to retain a publication longer, until he has time to do the puzzle. This increases potential circulation for publisher and advertisers.

* People, allegedly, have less time to concentrate on reading longer features.

* Life today is fast. People want to learn as much as they can, quickly and easily. And as cheaply as possible. And fillers fit the bill exactly.

There you have it, lots of reasons publishers want to pay you for short written pieces and probably no good reason why you should not get started as a published freelance writer, starting today. Go on, get on with it, you won’t be sorry you did!

Why not become a filler writer today, why not help yourself to payments of just a few dollars or many hundreds of dollars paid for any of dozens of filler types used in most newspapers and magazines today?

About the Author:
Avril Harper is a successful writer and the author of http://www.fillerfactory.com HOW TO BE A FIVE MINUTE WRITER

Keyword tags: writing, writer, write, freelance writer, avril harper, filler